Tundras are frigid, treeless environments primarily found in the Arctic and at high elevations in mountain ranges. They feature a brief growing season, low temperatures, and limited precipitation. A defining characteristic is permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen soil that influences the types of vegetation present, mainly consisting of mosses, lichens, grasses, and low shrubs. These ecosystems are home to unique wildlife, such as migratory birds, arctic foxes, and caribou, but are increasingly threatened by climate change, which can cause permafrost to thaw and release greenhouse gases. Conservation efforts are vital to safeguard these delicate habitats from human impacts and environmental changes.